Leadership of the patarini passed to a man named
Arialdo of
Carimate. Realizing that he needed more than moral authority
to
deal with Guido, Arialdo decided to enlist the services of someone who
was skilled in the use of force.
He found such a man in
Landolfo’s brother, Erlembaldo Cotta. Erlembaldo was a
seasoned
military commander who was also deeply pious. During the
years in
which he plied his trade, he had undoubtedly seen—and engaged in—more
than his share of killing. By the time Arialdo
approached
him, he had already laid down his sword in favor of a just-completed
pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and he was planning to enter a monastery.
Arialdo persuaded him to devote himself to service of a different kind.
The
task ahead of him was not an easy one, since Milan’s feudal overlords
were aligned with Guido, and they held a near-monopoly on weapons,
armor, horses, and all the other significant components of physical
force.
Somehow, though, Erlembaldo was able to train unskilled commoners to
not only stand up to armored knights, but defeat them.
I
suspect that he may have taught them some of the tactics of modern-day
guerilla warfare, in which they would assemble quickly for a battle,
then melt back just as quickly into the everyday civilian population
they were part of. In addition, I wouldn’t be surprised to
learn that they attacked the feudal overlords in their own homes,
where there were only a few of them, and before they’d had a chance to
get into their armor or onto their horses.
I also have
mental images of Erlembaldo’s troops possibly dropping heavy nets like
the ones Roman gladiators in the Colosseum used, but now thrown from
the rooftops onto their mounted foes, ensnarling and disorienting
them—possibly even bringing them to the ground, if enough citizens
surrounding them pulled down on the nets.
This is all speculation, however. What’s
factual is that these citizen-soldiers proved to be a surprisingly effective fighting
force which caught the old power structure completely off
guard.
With the backing of Pope Alexander II, Erlembaldo began by deposing key
abbots, then moved against Guido himself. On Erlembaldo and
Arialdo’s recommendation, the pope excommunicated Guido.
Rather
than accept this judgment, Guido sent men to ambush Arialdo.
They
brought him to an island in Lake Maggiore, where a pair of priests went
to work torturing him. They mutilated his right hand, feet,
and
genitals; gouged out his eyes; and cut off his
ears,
tongue, and nose, then stuffed them down his throat. Finally
they
killed him, and dumped his weighted body into the lake.
More
battles ensued, and the stakes grew higher. At one point,
Erlembaldo found himself in a position where he had no ethical choice
but to flatly and openly defy an enraged Holy Roman Emperor who was on
the verge of sending in his own army.
But in the end,
Erlembaldo
won the day, replacing Guido with a young man who appears to have been
the son of one of the pataria reformers whom the Milanese clergy had
recommended for the job many years before.
Erlembaldo’s victory
affected more than just the church. The feudal overlords’
iron
grip on Milan was also broken, giving the common people expanded
freedoms. The city thrived.